A Comprehensive Guide to Data Security for SMEs
As the new goldmine, from the moment data is collected, stored, and processed, it is susceptible to cyberattacks. While large businesses might be too large a target for cybercriminals, the same can’t be said for small and medium-scale businesses. This is why knowing about data security is important for all businesses. In 2022, the Cyber Security Expert Association of Nigeria reported that cyberattacks on SMEs grew by 87%. The result of these statistics is evident: impersonations, identity thefts, financial thefts, and targeted attacks. This calls for more actions regarding cyber security amongst SMEs. What is Data Security? It is the process of safeguarding digital data from external threats (corruption, theft, and unauthorized access) to its integrity. It is important at every stage of data’s lifecycle—collection, processing, and storage. Often used interchangeably with data protection, it is not the same. Data protection is the entire process of safeguarding data from accidental loss or compromise. Data protection focuses on protecting data from inside threats—mishandling and accidental loss. While data security keeps the bad guys out—unauthorized access and cyber-attacks. Why is Data Security Important To SMEs? There are a handful of reasons why the security of data is important to SMEs. Top on the list are the legal implications of a successful data breach. Organizations are held accountable for data collected and processed under data protection laws. Under each one of those laws, businesses have to fulfill certain obligations to ensure that they secure their user’s data. In the event of a data breach, the organization faces the full wrath of the law. Data subjects may also sue the business. There are also reputational consequences to consider. Data breaches cause so much damage to the reputation of the affected business. That’s something no business wants. Under the NDPR and GDPR, businesses are mandated to announce every data breach occurrence within a set timeframe. A weak system will cause any business to make such announcements regularly. It’s the business equivalent of the “walk of shame.”. And, of course, the financial costs of a data breach. Money and time will be spent to correct the effects of the attack. Since the entire security system will be evaluated and updated. Most small and medium businesses cannot afford the costs of a data breach. So, adequate means to keep their data safe is more cost-effective. The 3 Pillars of To Ensure Security There are three major elements, or principles, of security, also called the CIA Triad. They serve as a template or framework for an absolute data security system. Here’s what they mean: Confidentiality: Data is accessed only by authorized users. Integrity: All data stored must be accurate, reliable, and not changed unwarranted. Availability: Data must be available and readily accessible when needed. Types of Data Security SMEs can make use of the following types of security for their user’s data: Encryption: Encryption is a way to keep unauthorized persons from understanding data. It uses mathematical models to scramble data, so only people with the key can understand. As an SME, you can encrypt your email conversations, files, and databases to some extent. Access Control: This topic covers both physical and digital aspects of data security. It simply makes use of login credentials known only to authorized users to prevent digital access. At the same time, physical barriers are installed to prevent unauthorized personnel from entering areas where data is stored. This type is probably the easiest one for SMEs. Authentication: This involves the use of swipe cards, biometrics, passwords, etc. to verify users access to data. Authentication works hand-in-hand with access control. Backups and Recovery are another good type of security. This is where another copy of data stored somewhere is safely and easily accessible. This is to prevent total loss of data. You can store data on a physical disk, a local network, or the cloud. Data Erasure: You can’t lose what you don’t have. This perfectly explains data erasure as a method of securing data. Data erasure uses software to overwrite data on any storage device completely. With it, data cannot be recovered, an advantage over data-wiping. Data Security Regulations and Compliance Data security is such an important phenomenon that regulations for it have sprung up all over the world. What is the need for data security regulations? It is necessary to provide clear data protection or security templates to organizations. Also, to protect the rights of data subjects, such laws have to be laid down. That way, any organization defaulting can be held accountable. Data Compliance vs. Data Security Compliance Oftentimes, data compliance is mistaken for data security compliance. The former concerns the entity rules and regulations applicable when handling data. While the latter, data security compliance, is a subset of data compliance. It only applies to the security aspect of handling data. In a nutshell, data security compliance is a type of data compliance. Important Data Security Regulations As a growing business willing to go the extra mile to secure data, it’s of utmost importance that you understand regulations. Here is a small compilation of data security regulations you need to know. The most popular regulation is the GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation). It was enacted in the European Union to ensure proper data protection for its citizens. The main focus of the GDPR is personally identifiable information (PII). It requires every organization handling EU data, in or outside the region, to practice premium transparency. The GDPR is not to be trifled with. It imposes dire punishments on any organization found to be non-compliant. A fine of EUR 20 million or up to 4% of the annual global profit, whichever is higher, can be imposed on offending parties. NDPR (Nigerian Data Protection Regulation)This is another regulation that is an adaptation of the GDPR. The major difference between the two is scope. Established in 2019, the NDPR aims to protect personal data that belongs to Nigerian citizens from loss, compromise, and unauthorized access. Payment Card Industry Data Security Standards (PCI-DSS) Another regulation is the pci-dss. This regulation applies to any business that handles credit card data. Be its acceptance as a payment method, storage, transmission, or even third-party service involvement. Unlike the GDPR and NDPR, pci-dss is not by
