As someone working closely with healthcare professionals in Nigeria, I’ve seen firsthand how digital transformation is changing the game. From patient records to lab results, everything is moving online faster than ever. And while that’s a great thing for efficiency and access, it also comes with a big responsibility: protecting patient data.
What concerns me, though, is that many hospitals, clinics, labs, and even health-tech startups are making avoidable data protection mistakes. These slip-ups aren’t just technical errors; they can lead to serious legal issues, financial setbacks, and worst of all, a loss of patient trust.
That is why I am going to walk you through the top 7 data protection mistakes I’ve noticed in Nigeria’s healthcare system — and more importantly, how you can avoid them.
Also, if you are thinking of becoming a Data Protection Officer? Click here to see what it takes and how to get started.
7 Common Data Protection Mistakes in Healthcare in Nigeria
Here are the common data protection mistakes Nigerian healthcare doesn’t take seriously:
1. Not Having a Data Protection Policy
Let’s start with the most common—and costly—mistake, which is not having a data protection policy at all. You’d be surprised how many healthcare facilities in Nigeria operate without any clear, documented rules on how patient data should be collected, stored, or even deleted.
Without a proper policy, staff are left to figure things out on their own. That opens the door to confusion, inconsistency, and some serious risks.
What you should do instead: Create a clear, written Data Protection Policy that aligns with Nigeria’s Data Protection Act (NDPA) and, where possible, follows global best practices like the GDPR. It’s not just about ticking a box—it’s about protecting your patients and your reputation.
2. Skipping Patient Consent
One of the biggest data protection mistakes many healthcare providers make is using or sharing patient information without getting clear, informed consent. It might seem harmless or even routine, but skipping this step is more than just a technical slip-up—it’s a breach of trust. Patients have the right to know how their personal health data is being used, and failing to communicate that not only puts their privacy at risk but also breaks both local and international data protection laws.
The truth is that many clinics don’t take the time to explain why they’re collecting data or what they plan to do with it. And when patients are left in the dark, it creates confusion, fear, and a lack of confidence in the system. Taking a few extra minutes to be transparent can make all the difference, not just legally, but in building lasting patient trust.
What to do instead: Always ask for written or digital consent, and make sure patients understand how their information will be used. A little clarity goes a long way in building trust and staying compliant.
3. Weak Cybersecurity Measures
Another major data protection mistake many healthcare providers make is having weak cybersecurity measures in place. When we talk about patient data, this isn’t just a minor slip—it’s a serious risk.
Not following proper cybersecurity measures can lead to devastating consequences. Whether it’s using outdated software, logging into sensitive systems over unsecured Wi-Fi, or accessing patient records from personal devices. These shortcuts create easy entry points for cyber attackers. In healthcare, a single breach can compromise thousands of records and erode the trust patients place in your care.
So, what are the warning signs that your data protection isn’t up to par? Here are some of the biggest red flags to watch out for:
- No data encryption: If sensitive patient information isn’t encrypted, it can be easily intercepted or exposed.
- Lack of firewalls: Without a firewall, your system is essentially unguarded against external threats.
- Skipping regular security updates: Delaying software updates means missing out on crucial patches that fix known vulnerabilities.
- Weak or shared passwords: Reusing simple passwords—or worse, sharing them across staff—makes it incredibly easy for unauthorized users to gain access.
If any of these sound familiar, it’s time for a serious security check-up. The stakes are simply too high when patient privacy is on the line.
What you can do: Start by building a secure foundation. Use strong authentication methods, keep your systems updated, and make sure your infrastructure is protected with proper encryption and firewalls. A little effort now can save you from a major crisis later. You can click here to know more about why businesses need multi-factor authentication
4. Storing Data the Wrong Way
Are you still keeping patient records in unlocked cabinets or passing them around on shared USB drives? This might feel like the easiest option at the moment, but it’s actually a major data protection mistake—and one that could lead to serious legal, financial, and trust issues down the line.
Here’s what you can do instead:
- Start by digitizing all patient records. This not only keeps things organized but also makes it easier to control who has access to what. No more rifling through piles of paper or misplacing sensitive files.
- Store everything in encrypted cloud storage. This adds a layer of security that protects data from unauthorized access, even if someone tries to break in digitally. Look for platforms that are HIPAA-compliant or follow local data protection laws.
- If you’re using physical servers, keep them in locked, secure rooms. Only authorized personnel should have access, and there should be proper surveillance or security protocols in place.
5. Lack of Staff Training
No matter how advanced your technology is, the biggest vulnerability often comes down to something much simpler—human error. It’s not always hackers breaking through firewalls; sometimes, it’s a nurse clicking the wrong link, an admin staff member accidentally sending patient data to the wrong email, or even a doctor falling for a clever phishing scam. These things happen—not out of carelessness, but because people are busy, under pressure, and not always trained to spot the red flags.
That’s why cybersecurity in healthcare isn’t just about installing the right software—it’s also about building awareness, offering regular training, and creating a culture where protecting patient data becomes second nature.
How to fix it: Make data protection and phishing awareness a priority by running training sessions at least once every quarter. A little regular education can go a long way in keeping your team—and your patients—safe.
6. Ignoring Data Breaches Instead of Reporting Them
Under Nigeria’s Data Protection Act, healthcare providers are legally required to report any data breach within 72 hours. But let’s be real—many still try to sweep it under the rug, hoping no one notices. Not only is that illegal, but it also puts patient trust and your organization’s reputation at serious risk.
What you should do instead:
- Start by putting a clear and practical incident response plan in place. Your team should know exactly what steps to take the moment a breach is detected—who to alert, what to document, and how to respond swiftly.
- Next, don’t delay. Report the breach to the Nigeria’s Data Protection Commission (NDPC) within the 72-hour window, as required by law. Transparency is key here.
- And just as important, communicate with affected patients. Let them know what happened, how it might affect them, and what steps you’re taking to protect their data moving forward. It might feel uncomfortable, but honesty builds long-term trust.
Bottom line? Trying to hide a breach will only make things worse. Acting fast, staying transparent, and taking responsibility is how you protect your patients—and your reputation.
7. Trusting Third-Party Vendors Without Doing Your Homework
Finally, another major data protection mistakes that often gets overlooked is putting too much trust in third-party vendors. Whether it’s cloud storage, billing software, or appointment scheduling tools, many of these vendors handle sensitive patient information on your behalf. And here is the thing, if they mess up—even if the breach wasn’t your fault—you could still be held responsible.
That’s why you need to treat your vendors like an extension of your own team. Know exactly who you’re working with, what kind of data they can access, and how they’re protecting it.
Here’s how to stay on the safe side:
- Take time to thoroughly vet vendors for data protection practices and compliance. Don’t be afraid to ask tough questions.
- Always sign a Data Processing Agreement (DPA) with each provider to legally outline their responsibilities.
- Request regular audit results or compliance updates to make sure they’re staying up to standard.
In data protection, trust is important, but verification is essential
How Johan Consults Can Help You Stay Compliant
Protecting patient data isn’t just a legal requirement—it’s a matter of trust. At Johan Consults, we work closely with healthcare providers across Nigeria to help them avoid costly data protection mistakes and stay fully compliant with both local (like the NDPA) and international laws such as the GDPR.
We understand how complex data privacy can feel, especially when you’re focused on saving lives or innovating in health tech. That’s why we simplify the process and guide you every step of the way. Here’s how we support your healthcare practice:
- Drafting and implementing clear, actionable data protection policies
- Training your staff on NDPA and GDPR compliance—so everyone’s on the same page
- Recommending secure data storage and encryption strategies that fit your workflow
- Conducting regular data protection audits and risk assessments
- Helping you properly respond to and report data breaches, should they occur
Whether you manage a clinic, a medical lab, or you’re building the next big health-tech solution, Johan Consults gives you the peace of mind that your patients’ data is safe and your organization is fully compliant.
Ready to protect what matters most? Book a free 30-minute consultation with us today and take the first step toward secure, worry-free healthcare operations.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What is considered personal data in healthcare?
Personal data includes anything that identifies a patient — name, phone number, diagnosis, treatment history, lab results, or even fingerprints.
Is consent always required before collecting patient data?
Yes. Under Nigeria’s NDPA and GDPR, informed consent is mandatory before collecting, using, or sharing personal data.
What are the penalties for data protection breaches in Nigeria?
Fines can range from ₦10 million to ₦10 billion, depending on the severity of the breach and the size of the organization.
Can small clinics or private practices be audited for data protection compliance?
Absolutely. The Nigerian Data Protection Commission (NDPC) audits both large hospitals and small clinics. Everyone must comply.
Final Thoughts
Protecting patient data isn’t optional — it’s a legal, ethical, and professional responsibility. Avoiding these common data protection mistakes is the first step toward earning your patients’ trust and protecting your business from financial and reputational damage.
And the best part? You don’t have to do it alone.
Partner with Johan Consults and let’s build a safer, compliant, and future-ready healthcare business in Nigeria.
